The differences might seem negligible from one home to the next, but most have varying degrees of slope to them. While some architectural styles are better suited to a steep-slope roof, others benefit from a low-slope roof.
In the low-slope vs. steep-slope roof discussion, there are pros and cons that need to be considered. For a homeowner who is committed to one style or another for aesthetic reasons, there also needs to be a discussion about the functionality of the roof, as this is the structure that will protect everything under it and the value of the roof is diminished if it “looks great” but adds no protection to the home.
The slope of the roof will also determine what materials are used in its installation, which is an important consideration while planning the project. By understanding why a roof is sloped to a specific angle, what materials are used, the complexity of the installation and other factors, you can make a fact-based decision on what is best for your home.
- Understanding roof slope (pitch)
- Steep-slope vs. low-slope roofing
- Considerations of steep-slope roofs
- Choosing the right steep slope roof option
- Considerations of low-slope roofs
- Choosing the right low-slope roof option
- Which roof slope is the best for your project?
- Common applications of different roof slopes
- Hire professionals for new roof installation in the Dupage County
- Frequently asked questions about roof slope and pitch
Understanding roof slope (pitch)
What is the slope of the roof and what impact does it have on the functionality of the home? To answer the first part of that question, the slope of the roof is determined by how much it rises vertically per every foot of horizontal length. For example, if the vertical rise per every foot is four inches, the slope is calculated at 4:12. If the vertical rise is three inches per foot, the ratio is 3:12.
Residential “flat” roofs actually have anywhere from a quarter inch to half inch of vertical rise per foot of length. While this achieves a “flat” roof aesthetic, that very slight 2 to 4 percent of rise allows for water to run off the roof rather than pool. Pooling water creates a serious leak risk, which is why even the slightest bit of pitch is crucial in preventing pooling.
In the following sections, we delve even deeper into the impact of a low-slope or steep-slope in roof construction and the differences, pros and cons of each.
What makes a roof steep-slope
A steeply-pitched roof, according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, is any roof exceeding four inches of vertical rise per horizontal foot length (4:12). A steep roof is the most common type on residential homes, but usually ranges up to no more than 9:12 (though there are exceptions).
What a steep-slope roof is good for, aside from the desired appearance it provides, is that it is highly efficient in shedding precipitation, giving it no chance to pool and become a problem.
What makes a roof low-slope
A roof that has a pitch ratio of less than 4:12 is considered a low-slope roof. Some roofs falling into this category can appear almost flat, yet they have a slight pitch (.25 to .50 inches) that allows for precipitation to drain rather than pool. While low-pitched roofing is more common on commercial properties, they can be found in residential settings.
Steep-slope vs. low-slope roofing
Roofing materials are designed to provide protection, but they also serve an aesthetic function. Homeowners today are afforded the luxury of not only choosing from a long list of different roofing material types, they can also have their homes built with a roof with a specific pitch, so this ignites the low-slope vs. steep-slope roof debate.
The decision generally comes down to aesthetic preferences, but there are some practical considerations that impact the decision to choose either type. The 4:12 pitch ratio, either about or under, is what determines whether a roof is steep- or low-pitched. When you go above 4:12, you’re soundly in high-pitch territory. Going below means you’re in the low-pitch roof domain.
The following table serves as a quick and easy guide for detailing the differences between low- and steep-slope roofs, their material types, expected maintenance and more.
Steep-slope roofs
Low-slope roofs
Have a higher pitch, greater than 4:12
Have a flatter pitch, usually less than 4:12
Typically use traditional shingles, such as asphalt, wood, or architectural shingles
Require materials like modified bitumen, EPDM, TPO, PVC or built-up roofing to prevent water infiltration.
Visually appealing, classic look
Less emphasis on aesthetic design
Encourage efficient water and snow runoff, which reduces the risk of water pooling and leaks
Have a more limited capacity for water drainage, requiring additional waterproofing measures to prevent ponding.
Require less maintenance
Demand more frequent maintenance
Commonly used in residential structures
Often chosen for larger commercial or industrial buildings
Slightly higher
Less expensive
What are the differences between steep-slope and low-slope roofs
The primary difference between the steep-slope roof and the low-slope roof is in the pitch. For example, a steep-slope roof will have a pitch greater than 4:12, which means for every foot of horizontal length, there will be more than four inches of rise. Whereas with the low-slope roof, the pitch will be greater than four inches per foot of horizontal length.
But there are other distinguishing features of these roofs that separate them. Material is certainly one of them. A steep-slope roof is more likely to be covered in asphalt shingles, metal, slate, tiles or wood material. The low-slope roof has a higher likelihood of being covered in a modified bitumen, liquid-applied coating or a single-ply membrane.
Maintenance is also a concern among homeowners, so it’s important to note that steep roofs require less maintenance than their counterparts because they drain much more efficiently. A roof with little-to-no slope will be more prone to water buildup, which can create leakage problems that require frequent maintenance.
While it’s not uncommon for a low-slope roof to be installed on parts of a residence, they are far more prevalent on commercial structures.
How does roof pitch affect roofing prices?
Roof pitch is one of many factors that determine the overall price of roofing jobs. The most important factor to any contracted job is the quality of the workmanship, which is also why it’s the most expensive component of the job. The steeper the roof, the more difficult it is to work upon. And by the time you get to a roof that is 8:12 or higher, it’s considered a “non-walkable” roof, which could require scaffolding or rigging. This complexity usually increases the number of labor hours for the job, as safety practices are put in place. And while time-consuming, taking the proper safety measures is fully necessary for the protection of the roofers.
The other top cost for any roofing job is related to materials. A steeper roof has more surface area than a roof with a lesser slope, which adds on to the price. You can actually double your material costs on a 12:12 roof compared to a 4:12 roof.
However, what you save in square footage of material on a low-slope roof can sometimes be compounded by the built-up roofing system membranes, which must be constructed to withstand slow-draining moisture. In some cases, single-ply membranes are even more expensive than shingles.
One other consideration is the warranty on shingles. For the warranty to be valid, the manufacturer will require more nails or roofing cement on a steep roof compared to a roof with a lesser slope. Roofing contractors can determine the best technique for securing the shingles, but it’s something that can add to the expenses that homeowners with lower-sloped roofs don’t have to contend with.
Considerations of steep-slope roofs
A steeply-pitched roof is most often covered in asphalt shingles, but higher-end construction will utilize more expensive materials, such as tile or wood shake. But the steep pitch isn’t confined to residences alone – in fact, it is used on all types of structures, from small businesses to small- to medium-size commercial and industrial properties. Its aesthetic is one most often associated with “inviting” and even “cozy.”
But there are considerations that need to be made in context to the exact pitch of the roof, as there are other factors to consider outside of the looks of the structure. Namely, there are challenges involved with installing, repairing or reroofing a steep roof, particularly those that are so steep that roofers cannot safely walk on them. With the following information, we’ll cover various factors that need to be considered with this roof style.
Key components of steep-slope roof systems
Steep-slope roof systems are most common on residential properties. While the look is among one of the top reasons for its popularity, there is also the performance of the roof that comes into play, the most important being the efficiency with which moisture drains from it. But what are the different components of the roofing system found with steep-slope roofs and what role do they play?
The primary parts of steep-sloped roofing typically include:
Roof deck
The roof deck is essentially the foundation of the roof, upon which all the other roofing material is installed. Half-inch plywood or oriented strand boards are the most common types of decking.
Underlayment
The roof deck alone does not provide much waterproofing, so the first layer to go down will be the underlayment, which can be anything from asphalt-saturated felt to synthetic material to rubberized asphalt. This serves as a water barrier, protecting the decking.
Roof covering
The outermost layer of material is the roof covering, which is most often asphalt shingles due to availability, style and most importantly – price. However, other materials used on steep roofs include wood shake, concrete tiles, metal roofing and slate tiles.
Flashing
Because joints, gaps and seams can be vulnerable areas of the roof where moisture can seep through, metal flashing is used. The most common areas where roofers install flashing are around vents, chimneys and roof valleys.
Ridge
As two sides of a roof rise up and join, they create a ridge. Given that these are the highest points of the roof or in individual sections of the roof, installation teams will install ridge vents and cap shingles, providing protection as well as the necessary ventilation.
Drip edge
As water rolls off the roof covering, there needs to be an added bit of protection to direct it away from fascia where spillage could cause anything from organic growth to rot. A drop edge is installed along the entire edge of the roof to prevent damage.
Gable
From a gable eave to a gable end wall to a gable vent, these triangular structures offer aesthetic appeal (break up the monotony of a simple roof), ventilation and structural simplicity that can also add structural support.
Valley
As two sides of the roof slopes downward and meet, they create a valley. This is the channel through which water will run, whether from rain or snow melt, before entering the gutters and exiting the downspouts, safely away from the foundation.
While not every roof will have gables, and the placement of vents might differ from one structure to the next, these are all critical components of a steep roofing system and deserve equal attention during installation, repair and maintenance of a roof.
Common types of steep-slope roofs
A critical component of a steep-slope roof is the type of material that covers it. Each type offers a specific aesthetic, but they also have different maintenance needs, come at different costs and must be installed using different techniques.
While the look of the material is often the first consideration, so too must be the cost associated with its installation. For example, while a homeowner might prefer slate tile, a highly pitched roof will require much more of this premium material, as well as more time to install, both of which will substantially increase the overall cost of the project.
Common sloped roof materials include:
Asphalt shingles
From simple three-tab shingles to the highly-durable premium architectural shingles, there is no doubt that asphalt shingles are the most popular choice for sloped roofs. They are almost always the least expensive material type and easiest to install.
Wood shakes
Stepping up from shingles are the rustic, natural material – wood, often cedar shake. Wood offers a highly unique aesthetic, but requires a highly-skilled roofing contractor to install. It also requires more maintenance than other materials.
Metal roofing
Metal is popular for its longevity – between 40 and 70 years. It’s also weather resistant, energy efficient and requires little maintenance. However, it is costly, can be a bit noisy and is prone to denting in areas where hail storms are common.
Slate
At up to $30 per square foot, slate is one of the most expensive materials used on steep-slope roofs. However, it is known to last a century, is fire resistant and is one of the most premium materials on the market, offering a classic, elegant appearance.
Tile
Tile, often made of concrete or clay, can cost up to $25 per square foot to install. While it’s highly durable and fire resistant, it can break under heavy impact.
Synthetic roofing materials
The most popular synthetic roofing materials on the market today resemble wood or slate, which appeals to people who want that elegant look but don’t have the budget for it. It is relatively easy to handle and install and requires little maintenance.
Composition shingles
Given their construction of anything from fiberglass to organic mats, asphalt to mineral granules, these shingles are offered in many different designs, which appeals to many homeowners looking for a budget-friendly roofing material.
By factoring in one’s aesthetic preferences, budget, the home’s architectural style and the homeowner’s ability to keep up with maintenance, the right decision can be made on the best type of material to use on a steep roof.
The pros of steep-slope roofs
Due to the fact that the vast majority of roofs throughout the U.S. fall into the steep-slope roof category, it’s obvious that this design type has won over homeowners everywhere. But what is it about this steep-pitch roof type that makes it such a popular choice?
Key advantages of steep-slope roofs include:
Efficient water drainage
Water always takes the path of least resistance, which means on a steep-slope roof, water sheds extremely fast. The net result is a dry roof, which means without moisture present, organic growth cannot occur. Furthermore, with no chance of water pooling, the risks associated with leaks is also greatly diminished. It all adds up to a prolonged lifespan of the roof.
Aesthetic appeal
Exuding warmth and charm, steep-slope roofs offer dramatic angles that create eye-catching architectural features. From adding height and grandeur to enhancing a structure’s silhouette, a roof with a more intense pitch incorporates many elements. The appeal of this type of roof is also enhanced by the fact that so many different types of materials work on it, from wood to shingles, metal to tile.
Increased attic space
Elevating the roofline creates more usable space in the attic. With higher ceilings, there is more vertical space with which to work, live or use as storage.The addition of space creates practical value, as homeowners are always looking for functional spaces.
Improved ventilation
Due to the increased ceiling height in the attic, warm air is able to rise and escape more efficiently through the vents. With improved ventilation and airflow through the attic, homeowners will have less moisture buildup problems to deal with, a cooler attic (during the summer) and overall improved home comfort.
Less snow and debris buildup
A steeply pitched roof promotes natural runoff, which means snow and debris will slide off easily, preventing heavy accumulation and reducing the risk of damage. The most common debris types are leaves and branches, which are also less likely to remain on a roof that has a higher slope to it.
Longevity
Compared to low-sloped roofs, steep roofs have a longer lifespan, due mostly to the lack of moisture retention. Also, because snow and ice will easily run off a steep roof, less maintenance and repair is required. Finally, improved ventilation prevents interior moisture accumulation, which can also impact the longevity of a roof.
Enhanced durability
Foot traffic on roofs can lead to cracks, punctures and dislodgement of shingles, thereby making the roof less durable. Roofs that have a pitch ratio of 9:12 or higher are not accessible by foot, thereby eliminating this risk. There is also durability related to water, snow and debris easily rolling off the roof.
With less maintenance and improved durability, better ventilation and less moisture to contend with, a steep-slope roof offers many advantages. And with so many material options available, there is also value in this type of roof’s aesthetic appeal. There is no doubt that this design will remain a favorite for many decades to come.
The cons of steep-pitched roofs
There is no arguing the advantages to homeowners when living under a steep-sloped roof, but there are various potential downsides that must be considered. One of the most often cited examples is the collection of debris in gutters, which must be cleared of clogs before water draining off the roof overflows and creates moisture-related damages. There are also higher costs and challenges related to maintenance/inspections, limitations regarding aesthetics and more to consider. We’ve provided some of the biggest concerns regarding steep roofs below.
Disadvantages of steep-slope roofs include:
Higher initial cost
Due to the extra roofing material required to cover a high-pitched roof, as well as the extra labor, initial costs will be higher than low-slope roofs.
Maintenance challenges
Steep roofs require extra precautions to safely maintain them, and could require scaffolding if they exceed a pitch ratio of 9:12. Gutters will also require extra attention to keep them clear of debris.
Installation complexity
Special skills and equipment are required for installing roofs on a steep angle. These roofs also require knowledge of various material installations that aren’t necessary on low-pitch roofs, such as flashing and underlayment.
Aesthetic limitations
For those going for a modern or a minimalist aesthetic, steep roofs will not accommodate those preferences.
Fast clogging gutters
Due to the ease at which debris comes off a steep roof, the gutters can become full quite quickly, requiring extra maintenance. A lack of maintenance can lead to poor drainage and potential leakage problems.
Local building codes
Always check with building codes in your neighborhood, as some regulations will prohibit a pitch beyond certain ratios.
While there is a long list of advantages to choosing a steep roof, some restrictions/disadvantages can derail this as an option. Always keep your budget, maintenance capabilities and safety concerns in mind as you make the decision.
Choosing the right steep-slope roof option
Two things to keep in mind while choosing the right steep-slope roof include functionality and aesthetics. Also, when choosing the best roofing material for a steep-pitch roof, consider that there are more choices than the highly popular asphalt shingles, as metal, tile and slate are also common choices for those with bigger budgets.
Also, when choosing the design of your roof, consider how to best safeguard your home from the elements, as the pitch and roof material will influence everything from performance to durability. Also, steep-slope roof options come with varying degrees of maintenance needs, which must also be a consideration.
To assist you in making the right decision, work with a professional roofing contractor able to provide you with information about all the options that will work best for your home and its specific, unique needs, including your individual aesthetic preferences.
Considerations of low-slope roofs
While not as common for residences as steep-slope roofs, the low-slope roof will fit the needs of some types of architecture, as well as the personal tastes of homeowners. But what is considered a low-pitch roof? The simple answer is that for every 12 inches of horizontal length, the rise of the roof is four inches or less. So, while this type of roof is sometimes referred to as “flat,” there is at least a small degree of rise that allows moisture to drain rather than pool.
Among the most critical considerations is the type of material used in the installation of the roof. For example, modified bitumen, single-ply membranes like TPO and EPDM, built-up roofing (BUR) and metal are all options that have advantages in specific situations. For homeowners planning on installing solar panels, low-pitched roofing is a great platform.
Key components of low-slope roof systems
The low-slope roof offers a mix of advantages and challenges. What is most important is that the roofing system is designed with careful consideration to all the important factors, which range from the architecture of the home to the needs of the homeowner to providing protection against the elements. The following is information about the key components of a low-slope roof system. With a finer understanding of what is involved in a roofing project like this, you can make a more informed decision on whether this option is the right choice for your home.
The primary parts of low-slope roofing typically include:
Roof deck
The roof deck serves as the foundation upon which all roofing materials are installed. It is made of concrete, metal or wood.
Vapor barrier
To prevent moisture from breaking through to the roof deck, it is covered in a vapor barrier.
Insulation
Insulation placed above the roof deck will assist in providing thermal resistance, which can help with energy efficiency that not only prevents utility bills from spiking, but also aids in achieving an acceptable comfort level in the home.
Membrane
The main defense against moisture is the outer layer of the membrane, usually made of EPDM, TPO, bitumen or PVC.
Flashing
While not required on some types of low-slope roofs, flashing can be used around various roof structures, such as vents, chimneys and skylights. Its main job is to protect these vulnerable areas from leaks.
Roofing fasteners
Roofing fasteners, used to secure materials including the membrane, are either screws, nails or staples.
Adhesive
To secure the membrane to the roofing system, adhesive is sometimes used as the bonding agent.
Edge metal
Without edge metal, the roofing materials can be damaged by wind uplift and water intrusion. The metal flashing is typically made of aluminum, galvanized steel or stainless steel.
Drainage system
Scuppers, which are openings in the parapet walls or perimeter edges, serve as a drainage system on some low-slope roofing designs. Other systems include the more traditional gutter system.
Roofing accessories
To accommodate special needs, roofing accessories can be installed, which most commonly include safety railings and walkways. Solar panel brackets are also increasingly more common accessories.
While the components can vary depending on the design of the low-slope roof, these are the basic elements that comprise this type of roofing system.
Common types of low-slope roofs
The materials that work on a steep-slope roof do not always work on a low-slope roof. In fact, some are wholly unsuitable. For example, rarely will asphalt shingles be installed on a roof with a slope of 4:12 or less, and if they are, it’s probably by an inexperienced roofer.
When the decision is made that the low-slope roof is the best option, a variety of factors will determine which type of low-slope roof materials will be used. The overall goal will be mostly geared toward protecting the structure from leakage that can cause extensive damage.
There are a handful of different types of materials that can be installed on this type of roofing system, including the following.
Common types of low-slope roofing systems include:
Built-up roofs (BUR)
When roofers refer to “tar and gravel” roofs or “BUR,” they’re talking about built-up roofs. This approach utilizes layers of bitumen and reinforced fabrics to establish a hearty barrier as the outermost covering of the roof.
Modified bitumen roofing
This asphalt-based roofing material is reinforced with modifiers that can include styrene-butadiene-styrene or atactic polypropylene. This approach enhances flexibility but also provides the necessary weather resistance.
Single-ply membrane roofing
Single-ply membranes can include a handful of material types, including TPO, EPDM and PVC. They are flexible and durable and provide excellent waterproofing, as well as UV resistance.
Metal roofing
Low maintenance, energy efficiency and durability are the perks of installing metal roofing material on low-slope roofs. They are also fire resistant and offer a unique aesthetic.
Spray polyurethane foam (SPF) roofing
Also called SPF, this foam material offers seamless insulation and waterproofing. It will conform to any shape and provide a protective barrier that prevents leaks and enhances energy efficiency.
Solar roofing
Harvesting renewable energy is more common today than ever, and installing photovoltaic panels on a flat roof offers the chance at reduced utility costs at little to no risk to the structure of the roof.
Work with a trusted roofing contractor with plenty of experience on low-slope roofs and you can rest assured that the design of your roof and the materials chosen will protect your home well into the future. While a low-slope roof isn’t for every structure, this option will be available to some homeowners.
The pros of low-slope roofs
The low-pitch roof, aka flat or low-slope roof, is easy and safe to access, which means carrying out maintenance and repair is easier. One of the bonuses most often associated with this style of roof is that HVAC systems can be installed upon them, which is rarely an option on a steep-sloped roof.
Homeowners can even install a deck/porch over their flat roofs, providing more outdoor recreation space. But the main advantage cited by most homeowners is that the low-pitch roof is a budget-friendly option.
Key advantages of low-slope roofs include:
Cost-effective installation
Low-slope roofs are a simple design, require less material and are relatively easy to install, all of which add up to cost savings. For homeowners on a tight budget, this is the preferred option.
Aesthetic flexibility
For those seeking a more modern, sleek look, the low-slope roof offers that and more. This minimalist approach provides plenty of artistic flexibility in the overall design of the home.
Energy efficiency
With no extreme pitch to worry about, solar panels can be affixed easily. Furthermore, the seamless membranes often used to cover these roofs are highly energy efficient.
Weather resistance
Having your roof installed by a professional roofing contractor adds to the ability of these types of roofs to hold up to all sorts of harsh weather, from snow to hard rain and hail with no fear of pooling or leakage.
Extra space utilization
A flat roof affords homeowners the luxury of potential usable space, from a rooftop garden to a deck for warm weather get togethers. These roofs have also been utilized for building extensions.
Easier maintenance
Leave the scaffolding and safety ropes behind, as low-slope roofs require little in terms of access for cleaning, repairs or maintenance.
Commercial application
The most common structure types that utilize a low-slope roof are commercial, so if the building is large and the price to install a flat roof takes some of the burden out of construction costs.
When the right materials are used by a quality roofing contractor on a low-slope roof, quality outcomes are achieved. There is a lot that goes into ensuring the roof remains waterproof, that water will not pool and that a consistent maintenance schedule is followed to improve the overall lifespan of the roof.
The cons of low-slope roofs
While there are plenty of benefits to talk about with low-slope roofs, there are also some disadvantages that should be addressed before the decision is made to have this type of roof installed. A top example for those living in the Midwest where winters can be harsh and dump several inches of snow in very little time is that these types of roofs will be subjected to heavy loads that can lead to structural problems.
Keeping an eye on debris buildup (it doesn’t roll off like it does on a steep roof) on low-pitched roofing is also something that not all homeowners are willing to do. Regular maintenance for debris removal is important, but so too is checking the membrane for pooling, as pooling moisture will eventually lead to leaks.
With a better understanding of the cons of a low-slope roof, you can make a more informed decision moving forward.
Disadvantages of low-slope roofs include:
Limited drainage
All “flat” roofs have a small amount of rise to them, allowing moisture to drain off, but it doesn’t happen as quickly as it does on a steep roof. Roofing contractors must be careful to properly install the various types of drainage systems these roofs require.
Requires regular maintenance
For those who prefer not to make their way out onto the roof to take care of the regular maintenance, usually involving leaf removal and getting rid of other types of debris, the low-slope roof will be a burden.
Weather vulnerability
Due to the fact that there is little slope on these roofs, they are more at risk during severe weather. The water drainage system must be in perfect working order to effectively clear heavy rain.
Limited aesthetic options
For homeowners attached to common roofing materials, like architectural asphalt shingles or cedar shanks, they will not be happy with the membrane aesthetic that a low-slope roof offers.
Reduced attic space
While there are outdoor opportunities with this type of roof, there is no attic space that steep roofs afford. This has the biggest impact on storage space, but the limited vertical space can also negatively impact living space.
Ventilation challenges
Attics are perfect for providing ventilation opportunities, but the lack of an attic with a low-slope roof can make achieving proper ventilation more challenging, which can lead to damaging moisture buildup.
Susceptibility to pooling water
Pooling water, which is not uncommon on a flat roof, can lead to a variety of problems, from structural damage to leaks. Mold and mildew can also be a side effect of pooling or “ponding” water.
Shorter roof lifespan
With so many risk factors working against the low-slope roof, there is the obvious expected shorter lifespan. For homeowners, this means more maintenance and repairs to extend the lifespan of the roofing system.
Homeowners need to make decisions based on their budget, architectural options and aesthetic preferences. But the most important decision relates to the roofing contractor they choose to consult with and eventually hire to install the system. These professionals can help homeowners understand the pros and cons of a low-pitched roof and come to the best decision.
Choosing the right low-slope roof option
“Success” in a roofing project is usually defined as one that protects the home for many, many years. But in order to reach that goal, smart decisions must be made in regard to low-slope roof options where materials are concerned. While this is true of any roofing project, choosing the best roofing material for a low-pitch roof is vital because it will be subjected to more moisture stress than a steep roof. Also, these roofs take the brunt of UV rays and can be impacted by gathering debris and foot traffic.
Important factors that go into choosing the right material options include everything from budget constraints to design preferences and what is actually possible on your specific architecture type. Consulting with a roofing contractor will help in determining the right course of action, and they will also have information about brands that make the most durable coverings for these roof types.
Which roof slope is the best for your project?
The best slope for roof projects in the Midwest is generally a steep-slope roof, as this region is prone to heavy rain and snow, harsh summer sun (UV rays) and there are plenty of trees in residential areas that shed leaves and branches, which can be a frequent maintenance issue on a low-slope roof.
The steep-slope roof is popular for a variety of reasons, two of the most important include its functionality and its appearance. Furthermore, steep roofs offer homeowners more interior space in the attic, which can be used for anything from storage to an office space to a general living area (bedroom, living room, etc.). A steep roof creates opportunities to add gables to the home, which are also tied to aesthetic and functional needs. Homeowners must consider that this extra space means more material and more labor to install, which leads to higher costs.
But what about the low-slope roof? Is it an option for a residence? While it’s true that these roof types are far more common on commercial structures, there are homeowners who prefer them because of the flat, low-profile appearance they offer. And this can occur in conjunction with a more traditional steep-slope roof that covers the majority of the home – the flat portion, which could be over a garage or an extension of the home. Some ranch-style homes can pull off this hybrid approach, but the flat roof is more common on modern homes.
There is a cost advantage to having a low-slope roof, as there is less material and labor involved in its installation, but the tradeoff is that these roof types also require more maintenance and more frequent inspections.
Common applications of different roof slopes
The slope of the roof dictates how the roofing contractor will approach maintenance, repair and installation. And because there are so many different roof slopes, roofing contractors need to be ready to provide solutions to all types of problems. From flat to extremely steep, be sure the roofer you choose is 100 percent capable of committing to your project with confidence.
Steep-slope roofs in residential structures
Residential roofing projects almost always involve a steep-slope roof. Institutional and commercial structures are also no strangers to steep roofs. From single-family homes to retail properties, steep-slope roofs are a popular option for many reasons.
The following are structures most often adorned with steep-slope roofs:
- Single-family homes
- Multi-story houses
- Townhouses
- Historic buildings
- Churches
- Resorts and vacation lodges
Steep-slope roofs offer aesthetic advantages, such as the ability to add dormers and gables, which are more than eye-catching – they also provide functionality in that they offer more usable space. The functionality extends to their ability to manage heavy precipitation, whether it’s rain or snow. Rather than accumulating and creating a heavy load, as it can on flat roofs, the precipitation simply rolls off.
Low-slope roofs in commercial and industrial buildings
Commercial and industrial buildings can be quite large, so the cost-cutting low-slope roof is part of the design for staying on budget. Placing various HVAC systems on the roof also opens up more interior space for daily operations.
The most common structures utilizing low-slope roofs:
- Warehouses and distribution centers
- Office buildings
- Shopping malls
- Factories and manufacturing facilities
- Schools and educational institutions
- Hospitals and healthcare Facilities
- Apartment buildings and condominiums
- Supermarkets and retail stores
- Hotels and motels
- Municipal buildings
Can low-slope roofs be installed atop residences? Yes, but this approach is usually taken with modern or minimalist homes where the steep roof would be antithetical to the desired aesthetic. However, on commercial and industrial structures where there is no expectation of residential curb appeal, compounded by the functionality of a low-slope roof, leaning toward this design is almost always the preferred choice.
Hire professionals for new roof installation in the DuPage County
DuPage County residents are fortunate to have quality roofing contractors with many years of experience in installing steep-slope roofs. At VIS Exteriors, we are uniquely positioned to fulfill the needs of homeowners here, as we’re a local contractor with a full staff of professional roofers who are also local and committed to quality workmanship.
Our customer-centric approach includes clear communication with our customers, listening to their ideas about their roofing project and offering professional advice. Our commitment to long-lasting results means we’re only using quality roofing materials from trusted brands. Quality materials combined with our installation expertise lead to outstanding outcomes, which include a boost in the curb appeal of the home on looks alone, but the value is in the protection that our new roofs offer homes and occupants.
When you partner with VIS Exteriors, you get a contractor who will go in-depth in our discussion with you about your roof, your home, which approach will work best and we’ll also go over the various materials that will meet your aesthetic expectations, as there are many from which to choose. Every phase of the project will be fully explained and we stand by our workmanship, holding ourselves accountable for every project.
If you’re planning a new roof installation project, contact us and let’s schedule a consultation.
Frequently asked questions about roof slope and pitch
Planning a roof installation project is no small feat. For those who are new to this topic, there are many, many questions to be answered before moving forward with confidence on the project. No matter, if you’re planning to tear off an old roof or looking to begin new construction, getting answers about slope in roof design is highly important.
What is the difference between roof slope and roof pitch?
The roof slope vs. pitch discussion might seem largely one of semantics, because when you’re talking about either, you’re addressing the angle or incline of the roof. However, to address the differences, roofers will refer to “slope” in ratios, as in a roof with a six-inch rise for every foot of horizontal length is expressed as 6:12.
When roofers refer to “pitch,” they’re talking about the angle in terms of degrees. For example, in areas that receive moderate rainfall, roofers will recommend at least a 30-degree roof pitch so precipitation will flow off most efficiently.
What is the standard roof pitch for residential homes?
The standard roof pitch for a residence is between 4:12 and 8:12. Generally, the 4:12 will be recommended for homes in areas that receive less rain or snowfall.
In areas where heavier precipitation is the norm, moving up to 8:12 and beyond is recommended, though the architectural style of the home can also dictate proper pitch (bungalow and craftsman homes are usually 5:12 to 7:12, colonial and tudor styles are 7:12 to 9:12).
What is a flat roof?
A “flat” roof might appear to have no rise, but a flat-slope roof actually has anywhere from just under 4:12 to lower pitch to accommodate precipitation runoff/drainage.
What is the best roofing material for a low-pitch roof?
The best roofing material for a low-pitch roof is generally a membrane that can be made from numerous material types, but the most common are TPO, PVC, BUR and EPDM materials. Roofing contractors will make their recommendations on material types based on several factors, including precipitation averages and architectural style.
What is the best roofing material for a high-pitch roof?
A high-pitched roof can be covered in a variety of materials, from asphalt to metal, tile to wood. The best material to use will be based on homeowner aesthetic preferences, as well as the architectural style of the home and environmental factors, including the severity of storms, including those with high winds and debris such as hail stones.
While there are many variables to consider, a reputable roofing contractor will have plenty of answers to make the decision rather easy.
Can you use asphalt shingles on a low-slope roof?
One of the least recommended choices for a low-slope roof is asphalt shingles. Because precipitation doesn’t efficiently flow off of a low-slope roof and water can potentially find its way into seams common in asphalt shingle installation, roofers recommend a seamless product, such as a membrane material.
Which is cheaper, a flat roof or a pitched roof?
Flat roofs don’t require as much material to cover as a high-pitched roof, and the labor involved is generally less extensive, so it is cheaper to install a flat roof. Cost is relative, too, because you have to consider many factors, the size of the roof being one of the most important, as well as the choice of materials, as some are far more expensive than others and can quickly add up.
Roofing contractors will take into account that their clients have a budget they need to maintain, which will help to guide them in what they recommend for roofing materials.
What are the common issues with low-slope roofs?
The low-slope roof, which is generally cheaper to install, is not without its issues. The most common of which is the need for regular inspection, as these roofs can be prone to water ponding and debris buildup. Failing to stay on top of these risks can lead to leaks and associated damage.
What are the common issues with steep-slope roofs?
While a steep slope roof is efficient at draining precipitation, one of the more common problems is a buildup of debris in gutters. This buildup will result in clogs that can prevent water from exiting the gutter system and potentially lead to organic growth and water spilling into areas where it can cause extensive damage.
